AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIF AGREEMENT

Ø  Affirnative agreement

Sebenarnya kata so, too, dan also mempunyai arti yang sama yaitu juga, pula, pun. Tapi dalam penggunaannya terdapat perbedaan, so digunakan sebelum tobe(s) dan auxilliaries(kata bantu).

Example:

1.      My wife will talk to him and so will I

2.      My wife has talked about it, and so have I

3.      My wife talked about it, and so did I

4.      My wife is talking about it, and so am I

Sedangkan too dan also digunakan setelah tobe(s) dan auxilliaries.

Example:

1.      My wife will talk to him and I will too

2.      My wife has talked about it, and I have too

3.      My wife talked about it, and I did also

4.      My wife is talking about it, and I am also

When indicating that one person or thing does something and then adding that another does the same, use the word “so” or “too”. To avoid needless repetition of words from the affirmative statement, use the conjunction “and”, followed by a simple statement using so or too. The order of this statement will depend on whether so or too is used.

1.      When a form of the verb be is used in the main clause, the same tense of verb be is used in the simple statement that follows.

Affirmative statement (be) + and + [ S + verb (be) + too]

Example: I am happy and you are too.

Affirmative statement (be) + and + [ so + verb (be) + S ]

Example: I am happy and so are you.

2.      When a compound verb (auxiliary +verb), for example, will go, should do, has done, have written, must examine, etc., occurs in the main clause, the auxiliary of the main verb is used in the simple statement, and the subject and verb must agree.

Affirmative statement (compound verb) + and + [ S + auxiliary only + too ]

Example: Edward should do his homework and Bella should too.

Affirmative statement (compound verb) + and + [ so + auxiliary only + S ]

Example: Edward should do his homework and so does Bella.

3.      When any verb except be appears without any auxiliaries in the main clause, the auxiliary do, does, or did is used in the simple statement. The subject and verb must agree and the tense must be the same.

Affirmative statement (single verb except be) + and + [ S + do, does ,or did + too ]

Example: Jackson plays guitar every day and Jessica does too.

Affirmative statement (single verb except be) + and + [ so + do, does, or did + S ]

Example:

1.      Mark sung “moments” and so did Kevin.

2.      We want to buy a fountain, and she does too.

3.      My mother likes traveling, and so do their mother.

4.      My brother invites him to the party, and my sister does too.

5.      They wrote a good poem, and so did he.

6.      Fred cooked fried rice for his breakfast, and Tina did too.

Ø  Negative Agreement

Hampir sama dengan penjelasan affirmative agreement di atas, neither dan either memiliki arti yang sama yaitu: tidak keduanya, atau kedua-duanya tidak.

Untuk neither digunakan sebelum auxilliary verb, for example:

1.      My roommate won't go, and neither will I

2.      My roommate hasn't gone, and neither have I

3.      My roommate doesn't go, and neither do I

4.      My roommate isn't going, and neither am I

Dan untuk either digunakan setelah auxilliary verb dan kata "not", for example:

1.      My roommate won't go, and I won't(will not) either

2.      My roommate hasn't gone, and I haven't either 

3.      My roommate doesn't go, and I don't either

4.      My roommate isn't going, and I am not either

Hal lain yang harus diperhatikan yaitu untuk pemakaian tobe dan auxilliaries setelah kata "..and.." harus sesuai dengan tobe dan auxilliaries yang digunakan di awal kalimat, seperti :

1.      My wife is talking about it, and so am I

2.      My wife has talked about it, and I have too

3.      My roommate won't go, and neither will I

4.      My roommate doesn't go, and I don't either

 “Either” and “neither” function in simple statements much like “so” and “too” in affirmative sentences. However, either and neither are used to indicate negative agreement. The same rules for auxiliaries, be and do, does, or did apply.

Negative statement + and + [ S + negative auxiliary or be + either]
Negative statement + and + [ neither + positive auxiliary or be + S ]

Examples:

-          I didn’t see Bella this morning. Edward didn’t see Bella this morning

-          I didn’t see Bella this morning and Edward didn’t either.